This work is designed to study the energy management of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC), which is based on the activity and management of water and its effect on the electrolyte membrane (FC) as a function of the influx of hydrogen and oxygen, by taking into account the influence of humidification on the implementation of this electrical system to avoid drying and flooding that can cause deterioration of the FC. The cell voltage and system efficiency are also influenced by current density and operating temperature, and simulation results on MATLAB/Simulink are discussed.

While substantial efforts on an understanding of ventricular fibrillation (VF) pathophysiology have reduced deaths from ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia (1), pulseless electrical activity (PEA) during years have been associated with poor outcome. The focus of treatment in ventricular fibrillation is delivering shock; treatment of underlying etiology comes in the next stage, whereas in PEA, primary and timely diagnosis of the underlying cause is acknowledged...

In this study, a mathematical model is developed based on algebraic equations which is capable of generating artificially normal events of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals such as P-wave, QRS complex, and T-wave. This model can also be implemented for the simulation of abnormal phenomena of electrocardiographic signals such as STsegment episodes (i.e. depression, elevation, and sloped ascending or descending) and repolarization abnormalities such as T-Wave Alternans (TWA). Event parameters such as amplitude, duration, and incidence time in the conventional ECG leads can be a good reflective of heart electrical activity in specific directions. The presented model can also be used for the simulation of ECG signals on torso plane or limb leads. To meet this end, the amplitude of events in each of the 15-lead ECG waveforms of 80 normal subjects at MITBIH Database (www.physionet.org) are derived and recorded. Various statistical analyses such as amplitude mean value, variance and confidence intervals calculations, Anderson- Darling normality test, and Bayesian estimation of events amplitude are then conducted. Heart Rate Variability (HRV) model has also been incorporated to this model with HF/LF and VLF/LF waves power ratios. Eventually, in order to demonstrate the suitable flexibility of the presented model in simulation of ECG signals, fascicular ventricular tachycardia (left septal ventricular tachycardia), rate dependent conduction block (Aberration), and acute Qwave infarctions of inferior and anterior-lateral walls are finally simulated. The opensource simulation code of above abnormalities will be freely available.

Background: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a noninvasive, inexpensive and safe analgesic technique used for relieving acute and chronic pain. However, despite all these advantages, there has been very little research into the therapeutic effects of TENS on brain activity. To the best of our knowledge, there is no evidence on the effect of high frequency TENS on the gamma band activity. Objective: Investigation of the effect of high frequency TENS on the electroencephalographic (EEG) gamma band activity after inducing ischemic pain in healthy volunteers is considered. Material and Methods: The modified version of Submaximal effort tourniquet test was carried out to induce tonic pain in 15 right-handed healthy volunteers. The high frequency TENS (150μ s in duration, frequency of 100 Hz) was applied for 20 minutes. Pain intensity was assessed at using Visual Analog Scale (VAS) in two conditions (after-pain, after-TENS). EEG gamma band activity was recorded by a 19-channel EEG in three conditions (baseline, after-pain and after-TENS). The repeated measure ANOVA and paired-sample T-tests were used for data analysis. Results: EEG analysis showed an increase in gamma total power after inducing pain as compared to baseline and a decrease after the application of TENS (mean± SD: . 043± . 029 to. 088± . 042 to. 038± . 022 μ V2 ). The analysis of VAS values demonstrated that the intensity of induced pain (mean± SD: 51. 53± 9. 86) decreased after the application of TENS (mean± SD: 18. 66± 10. 28). All these differences were statistically significant (p<. 001). Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that the high frequency TENS can reduce the enhanced gamma band activity after the induction of tonic pain in healthy volunteers. This finding might help as a functional brain biomarker which could be useful for pain treatment, specifically for EEG-based neurofeedback approaches.